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Movement skills
(Invasion games and net and wall)
| Invasion games (e.g. hockey) - Effective participation in hockey requires a thorough warm-up (pulse raiser, mobility, dynamic stretches) and mental rehearsal for readiness.
- Accurate and safe techniques for tackling and passing are essential, with different types suited to specific situations.
- Decision making in gameplay involves choosing when to pass, shoot, or dribble, and is guided by principles such as anticipation, timing, and recovery.
- Training methods like fartlek (speed) and circuit training improve fitness for hockey by targeting game-specific demands (e.g. power, agility, endurance).
- Adhering to basic rules ensures safety and fairness.
- Using basic statistics and observations helps identify strengths and areas for improvement.
| Net and wall (e.g. volleyball) - There are similarities and differences between ball movement techniques such as forearm pass (dig), smash, and tip, and underarm vs overarm serve.
- Attacking and defensive strategies use specific vocabulary and conventions, such as blocking, setting, spiking, covering, and court positioning.
- Game conventions include scoring systems, serve rotation, and how points are awarded.
- Success relies on key components of fitness, including:
- reaction time (e.g. responding to a fast serve)
- flexibility (e.g. shoulder mobility during a smash)
- power, agility, and coordination.
- The principles of training (specificity and progression) look different across activities and can be compared between volleyball and other movement disciplines (e.g. parkour).
- Basic statistics and observations can be used to evaluate performance and identify strengths and areas for improvement.
| Invasion games (e.g. hockey) - Using dribbling, passing, and stopping movements in isolation prior to linking movements
- Applying decision making to retain possession and create opportunities during small-sided games, including finding space and selecting appropriate skills
- Engaging in and reflecting on the effects of fartlek and circuit training to enhance specific fitness components and understanding effective training methods
- Applying and abiding by basic safety-related rules during play (restart when ball leaves the field of play, stick tackles, third party obstructions)
- Using basic statistics and observations to comment on performance and set goals for improvement
| Net and wall (e.g. volleyball) - Using body position, anticipation, execution, timing, and force in the preparation, execution, recovery, and transition to the next movement for volley, dig, and smash
- Improving decision making when applying attacking strategies (e.g. set for a smash, smash and tip technique)
- Applying consistent, accurate underarm serve and moving on to overarm
- Defending and attacking by controlling space (e.g. ball placement)
- Scoring and application of rules
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Movement skills
(Invasion games)
| Invasion games (e.g. netball) - Full rules of play include specific positions and roles for each player.
- Attacking set plays include:
- strategies for the centre pass
- execution of penalty passes
- techniques for backline throw-ins
- introducing the ball from the back of the court.
- Defensive set plays include:
- defending the centre pass, backline throw, and penalty pass
- defending the goal using man-to-man or zone defence.
- Officiating in netball involves understanding and applying rules through correct signals and commands.
- Fartlek training can improve netball fitness by mimicking the game’s stop-start movement patterns.
- Circuit training supports overall fitness in netball, improving power, agility, and endurance.
- Basic statistics and observations can be used to identify strengths and areas for improvement in performance.
| Invasion games (e.g. touch/rippa rugby/rip rugby) - Body position and dodging involves changes of pace and direction to evade defenders and create attacking opportunities.
- Passing, running, and dummy passes are selected based on field position, defensive pressure, and support from teammates.
- Kicking is used for tactical advantage, including gaining territory, restarting play, or attempting to score, with decisions based on game context.
- Wellbeing benefits of rip rugby/rippa rugby/touch include teamwork, cardiovascular fitness, and agility, while individual activities, such as swimming, support personal goal setting and endurance.
- Rules and conventions, including managing infringements and using dynamic stretching, support safety, fairness, and readiness for participation.
- Reviewing excerpts of games and data collection helps identify strengths and areas for improvement.
| Invasion games (e.g. netball) - Performing accurate passing technique and recognising when to use each pass
- Performing accurate body position to receive the ball and recognising when to use different types of passing techniques
- Applying shooting techniques (in isolation, passive defence, active defence) and recognising the best position to shoot to ensure the rebound
- Practising attacking and defensive set plays
- Accurately abiding by rules and conventions of game play by understanding basic officiating (application of signals and commands)
- Undertaking circuit training to understand how training methods can support improving performance
- Undertaking fartlek training, using court lines to understand how training method can improve performance
| Invasion games (e.g. touch/rippa rugby/rip rugby) - Dodging by changing of pace and direction to evade defenders and attacking opportunities during drills and modified games
- Making decisions about when to pass, run, or use a dummy pass in modified games, based on field position, defensive pressure, and support from teammates
- Using dummy passes and other evasion techniques to deceive defenders and create space
- Changing direction or speed in game situations
- Applying timing and decision making when kicking in rip rugby and choosing when to kick for territory, restart play, or attempt to score
- Using observation and data collection (e.g. completed passes, successful dodges) to reflect on strengths and areas for improvement
- Officiating small-sided games
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Movement skills
(Movement, strength and sport)
| Choreographed movement/kapa haka balance, strength, and flexibility combination (e.g. parkour/mau rākau) - A variety of balances and travelling movements from dance, gymnastics, and kapa haka can be adapted for new contexts like parkour and mau rākau (e.g. rolls, vaults, precision jumps, traversing obstacles, wiri, ringa, haka stance).
- Principles of choreographing a sequence include creating flow, linking movements, and using transitions from dance and gymnastics.
- Participation in activities like gymnastics, dance, parkour, and mau rākau supports increased flexibility, wellbeing, and overall movement quality.
- Flexibility training improves quality of movement and wellbeing through breathing exercises.
- Safety principles are essential when navigating obstacles and performing new movements.
| Sport/physical activity option block (e.g. football, waka ama) - Each sport or activity (e.g. football, waka ama, orienteering) involves specialised movement patterns, rules, strategies, and tactics for both participation and officiating.
- Warm-up and nutrition are important for physical and mental preparation and performance.
- Physiological changes (e.g. heart rate, muscle use) depend on the intensity and type of activity, understanding these helps with goal setting and self-assessment.
- Fitness components (e.g. strength, flexibility, endurance) and muscle names are relevant to performance and can be developed through specific training methods (e.g. circuit, interval, fartlek, flexibility training).
- The principles of specificity and progression are important for effective training and improvement.
- The SPORT (specificity, progression, overload, reversibility, and tedium) principles support the adaptation and refinement of training approaches to meet individual goals.
| Choreographed movement/kapa haka balance, strength, and flexibility combination (e.g. parkour/mau rākau) - Using a range of jumps, rolls, balances, and travelling movements from dance, gymnastics, and kapa haka and showing increasing control, competence, and confidence
- Performing specific movements (e.g. parkour roll — diagonally across shoulder and back, step vault, precision jump — to and from patches, to and from benches, on to and off benches, over benches)
- Applying safe landing techniques and navigating obstacles using correct safety principles
- Developing and performing a sequence that smoothly connects movements from different disciplines, showing flow and creativity
- Refining movement quality through flexibility training and feedback
| Sport/physical activity option block (e.g. football, waka ama) - Specialising in movement patterns and applying rules, strategies, and tactics in a chosen sport or activity (both as a participant and as an official)
- Performing appropriate warm-up routines and making informed choices about nutrition
- Using data to identify strengths and limitations and set goals to analyse and respond to physiological changes during activity
- Applying specific training methods to improve relevant fitness components while following the principles of specificity and progression
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Movement skills
(Athletics)
| Athletics — 80, 1200, shot put (push), - The sprint start technique is crucial for short-distance races.
- Specific training methods improve performance:
- short interval training enhances sprinting ability (linked to the principle of specificity.)
- fartlek training improves endurance (linked to the principle of specificity).
- Momentum, balance, and the transfer of energy through the body contribute to effective throwing techniques in shot put and different approaches (e.g. standing, 3-step, shuffle) support these outcomes.
- Body position, rhythm, and movement patterns affect sprint starts and long-distance running, including how to pace, time, and overtake effectively.
- Basic roles of athletics officials include measuring and recording distances and times.
- Rules of participation include false starts, breaks, and foul throws.
- Physiological demands differ between sprinting (80m) and endurance running (1200m).
- Observing and recording distances and times can help assess improvements in movement quality.
- Safe practices are essential in athletics, such as collecting projectiles together after throws.
- The aerobic endurance required for cross country running is supported by heart and muscle function during sustained physical activity, with consistent movement maintained through pacing, breathing control, stride regulation, and terrain adaption.
| Advanced techniques (if equipment allows) discus or 100, 800, 1500, relay, javelin, long jump preparing for a competition, - There are different techniques for javelin and shot put, including standing and moving approaches.
- Baton exchange techniques include upsweep and down sweep and occur within the changeover box.
- Relay tactics involve strategic positioning and efficient baton exchange to reduce speed loss.
- Starting stance, stride efficiency, and energy distribution influence sprint and long-distance running. These factors can be adjusted to enhance speed, endurance, and race tactics.
- Force generation, body alignment, and sequential movement patterns influence the accuracy and distance of throws in javelin and shot put, using techniques such as standing, 3 step, and shuffle approaches.
- Training improves performance through specificity (targeting event-specific skills) and progression (gradual increase in challenge).
- Circuit training can be used to prepare for participation in multiple events (e.g. one run and one jump/throw).
- Fartlek and interval training are effective methods for improving performance in endurance and sprint events respectively.
- Muscle soreness after anaerobic activity is linked to lactic acid build-up.
- Aerobic and anaerobic activities differ in physical sensations and immediate effects on the body.
- Officiating in athletics includes measuring and recording distances and times and judging performance using competition rules.
- Observing and recording distances and times helps assess improvements in movement quality.
- Safe practices are essential in athletics, such as coordinated collection of equipment after throws.
- Aerobic performance in cross country is influenced by fitness level, movement efficiency, and the ability to apply pacing and breathing strategies such as rhythmic breathing and controlled exhalation to manage effort across varied terrain
| Athletics — 80, 1200, shot put (push), - Using accurate technique:
- standing shot put technique
- shot put shuffle technique
- sprint starts
- long distance run (e.g. pace, ‘kick’, timing, overtaking)
- Measuring and recording times and distances accurately
- Applying event rules, regulations, and safe procedures (e.g. call a foul throw, call a false start)
- Waiting for all throws before collecting equipment
- Maintaining steady effort over a cross-country course by using consistent movement and recovery strategies
| Advanced techniques (if equipment allows) discus or 100, 800, 1500, relay, javelin, long jump preparing for a competition, - Using accurate technique in:
- standing and 3-step javelin throw
- standing and shuffle shot put
- sprint starts (e.g. for 80m or 100m)
- long-distance running (e.g. pacing, timing, overtaking)
- long jump (e.g. measuring run-up, take-off, and landing)
- Performing baton exchanges, using upsweep and downsweep techniques within the changeover box
- Applying relay tactics to ensure smooth and efficient baton exchanges
- Training for two events using circuit training, incorporating both running and jumping/throwing activities
- Using specific training methods to improve performance in targeted events
- Comparing the physical sensations and impacts of aerobic vs anaerobic activities
- Accurately recording data in running, jumping, and throwing events
- Using recorded distances and times to assess and reflect on movement quality and performance improvements
- Following safe procedures during athletic activities, especially in throwing events
- Applying movement techniques and adjusting effort to maintain steady running across different sections of a cross-country course
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| - Spending time outdoors can support wellbeing, spark curiosity, and develop a lifelong appreciation for nature and adventure.
- Risk management in outdoor environments involves dynamic assessment processes that account for environmental variability, group capabilities, and activity-specific hazards. This informed decision-making maintains safety and enables joyful and meaningful engagement with the natural world.
| - Outdoor activities offer opportunities for personal enrichment and enjoyment through shared experiences in nature.
- Safety in remote or unpredictable outdoor environments relies on proficiency in survival techniques, including shelter construction and basic first aid.
- Outdoor challenges build leadership skills in decision making, supporting others, and taking responsibility in team situations.
- Hypothermia is a risk in cold, wet, or windy conditions and can be prevented with appropriate preparation.
- Orienteering requires map reading, compass use, and route planning.
| - Identifying potential evolving risks, considering group needs, and making informed decisions to stay safe in outdoor conditions
| - Applying basic survival techniques, such as building shelter and performing first aid, to manage safety in outdoor or remote settings
- Taking on leadership roles during outdoor challenges and taking responsibility for shared tasks and outcomes
- Using correct safety equipment and appropriate wet weather clothing
- Reading maps, using a compass, and planning safe routes including entry and exit points for land and water sections
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