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Movement skills
(Choreographed movement)
| Choreographed movement (e.g. te ao kori) - The body can form a variety of shapes (e.g. small, tall, wide, flat, long) by adjusting posture and limb positions.
- Movement uses different methods of travel, direction, speed (e.g. fast/slow), and dynamics (e.g. smooth, sharp, sustained).
- Maintaining stillness requires muscle engagement and body awareness.
- Muscles help the body to move and bend.
| | Choreographed movement (e.g. te ao kori) - A range of actions, including traveling, jumping, turning, and stillness, are fundamental to choreographed movement.
- Pathways can be explored by moving in different ways, such as straight, zigzag, curved, forward, backward, sideways, and diagonal.
- Movement complexity can be increased by using different mediums, including changes in level (low, medium, high), fluency (smooth, flow, control), and dynamics (sharp, soft, fast, slow).
- Body actions, shapes, and sequences can be used to communicate ideas, emotions, or narratives.
- Actions and pathways can be combined to demonstrate different speeds and levels within a movement sequence.
- Increasing flexibility through stretching requires awareness of the body’s limits, stillness in stress, and avoiding bouncing to prevent strain and support safe, effective muscle lengthening.
| Choreographed movement (e.g. te ao kori) - Creating and holding a variety of body shapes with control and balance
- Running, hopping, and skipping using different pathways (e.g. forwards, backwards, lateral, round)
- Moving with varying speeds, starting and stopping safely
- Linking actions that require strength and flexibility, such as jumping and holding shapes
- Warming up the body using mobility exercises
- Moving to music with a partner, mirroring, matching, and including a moment of stillness
| | Choreographed movement (e.g. te ao kori) - Travelling, jumping, turning, and holding stillness in response to cues or music
- Moving in different ways along straight, zigzag, curved forward, backward, sideways, and diagonal pathways within a defined space
- Performing a sequence of movements with smooth transitions, maintaining flow and control
- Varying movements to demonstrate sharp, soft, fast, and slow actions as directed
- Performing a duet that includes mirroring, matching, and one moment of stillness, responding to music with timing and coordination
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Movement skills
(Balance, strength and flexibility)
| Balance, strength, and flexibility - Balance and control require strong posture (e.g. standing upright with a tight tummy and chin up).
- Balance is a shape held still for three seconds.
- Co-ordination is when two or more body parts move together at the same time.
- Flexibility helps the body move more freely and reach further in different directions.
| Balance, strength, and flexibility - Warming up before physical activity prepares the body for movement by gradually increasing heart rate, circulation, and muscle temperature, helping to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.
- Posture is supported by active core engagement and correct alignment of the head, shoulders, and hips.
- Muscles work with our bodies and joints to help the body move, bend, and stretch during everyday actions like walking, jumping, and reaching.
- Performing a roll safely involves tucking chin into chest and protecting head and neck.
- Sequence structure is the organised combination of balances and travelling movements, framed by a clear starting and finishing position (e.g. a routine starts in a tall stretch, includes linked movements, such as rolls, balances, or jumps and finishes in a strong, still pose).
| | Balance, strength, and flexibility - Balancing using large body parts (e.g. front, back, shoulders)
- Balancing using small body parts (e.g. hands, feet, elbows)
- Balancing while creating shapes (e.g. straddle, star, y-shape)
- Linking arm and leg movements smoothly when performing rolls, jumps, or travel actions (e.g. egg roll, pencil roll, teddy roll)
- Jumping (e.g. star jumps, straight jumps, tuck jumps)
- Stretching into shapes that show flexibility (e.g. reaching, bending, or extending limbs), including movements that explore ranges of motion (e.g. lunges, bridges, wide arm swings)
| Balance, strength, and flexibility - Maintaining a strong posture in balances
- Holding a balance pose using a variety of body parts and levels and transitioning between poses
- Linking upper and lower body movements smoothly in a sequence that includes rolls, jumps, and balances
- Varying the speed of movements in a sequence
- Holding extended shapes and transitioning between movements
- Performing a gymnastic sequence that includes balances and travelling movement on the floor or bench, with a clear start and finish
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Movement skills
(Relays, games and invasion games)
| Relays and games, including Māori games (e.g. tereina/train relay tag game) - Key features of efficient movement (e.g. walking and running) include strength and good posture.
- Exercising safely includes spatial awareness, following instructions, and interacting appropriately with others.
- Preparing the body for movement through warm-up activities such as jogging and mobility exercises helps increase circulation and loosen muscles and joints.
- Walking, jogging, and skipping are used to move across varied terrain during cross country running.
- When the body exercises it gets warmer.
- Sipping water during exercise helps regulate body temperature and support breathing.
| Introduction to invasion games (e.g. mini football) - Invasion involves attack and defence.
- Effective receiving and sending of objects or movement depends on correct body positioning, including balanced posture, aligned stance, and controlled use of limbs.
- Tracking the path of a ball helps determine when and where to move, supporting accurate timing and positioning during movement and object control.
- Different parts of the foot are used to manipulate objects (e.g. inside, outside, sole, left, right).
- The rules of basic modifiable games (e.g. playing within the pitch/space allocated, if the ball leaves the playing space possession moves to the opposing team, play the ball and not the player).
- Different places to stand to defend or prevent opposition receiving the pass.
| Invasion games (e.g. netball/Kiwi Ferns) - Different passes have distinct techniques and are used for specific situations and distances (e.g. chest, shoulder, and bounce pass in netball).
- Accurate passing and receiving over short and longer distances depend on correct technique and body positioning.
- Signal to receive a ball when in space and moving away from a marker.
- Attack involves attempting to score points. Defence involves intercepting passes by reading the game and using strong body positioning to mark opponents and limit their options.
| Relays and games, including Māori games (e.g. tereina/train relay tag game) - Walking and running with good technique, changing in speed and direction and stopping safely
- Moving across country terrain by walking or jogging with balance and spatial awareness
- Jumping, hopping, and skipping with bent knees for safe landings and arm movements to support propulsion
| Introduction to invasion games (e.g. mini football) - Adjusting pass strength based on distance
- Dribbling with changes in speed, direction, and control
- Linking, dribbling, and passing movements together to move forward towards a goal
- Using dominant and non-dominant hands or feet to send, receive, and dribble
- Shooting at a target with control and accuracy
- Standing in different places to defend
- Staying on the toes to move forwards, backwards, and side to side
| Invasion games (e.g. netball/Kiwi Ferns) - Passing and receiving chest passes, shoulder passes, and bounce passes with accuracy, first over short distances and then over longer distances
- Passing and catching without travelling (e.g. footwork rule)
- Selecting the appropriate pass for different situations (e.g. chest pass for short distance, shoulder pass for longer distance)
- Demonstrating timing to intercept by moving quickly and reaching out at the right time during modified games or activities
- Dodging to get away from the opposition (linked to agility)
- Communicating when available to receive the ball in space away from the opposition
- Using different body positions for first stage marking and defence
- Sending, receiving, moving into space, and working with others in possession games
- Avoiding contact and using controlled footwork to stay within the rules of the game
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Movement skills
(Target games and net and wall games)
| Target games (e.g. beanbag toss, ring toss, obstacle kick) - Widening the stance by moving feet further apart increases stability and balance.
- Co-ordinating eye and body movements is essential for throwing, catching, and kicking.
- Using a run-up can help to propel a projectile further.
- The foot has distinct parts (inside, outside, sole, left, and right) which can be used purposefully to control movement and direction in games.
| Net and wall games (e.g. padder tennis) - Anticipating a ball involves tracking and body readiness, reading its speed and direction early, staying low, and positioning hands or equipment to respond efficiently.
- Self and partner feed techniques involve controlled delivery of the ball, using consistent force, angle, and timing.
- The size of the surface you use, like a hand, foot, or racquet, affects control and accuracy.
- A rally is more than one return. It is a continuous exchange where players send and receive the ball back and forth to keep play going.
- Boundary lines of a playing space help to explain ‘ball out of play’ and introduce basic rules for ‘out’.
- Counting is important to keep track of a score with a partner.
- Flexibility helps you stretch, reach, and adjust your body to return a pass or shot — especially when the ball is off-target or moving quickly.
| | Target games (e.g. beanbag toss, ring toss, obstacle kick) - Aiming, striking, or sending objects towards a target
- Performing underarm throws, rolls, kicks using different equipment (e.g. beanbags, balls)
- Improving throwing or kicking technique by combining preparation, action, release, and follow through
- Starting and finishing sessions with warm-up and cool-down activities
- Adjusting posture to maintain balance when walking on uneven surfaces
| Net and wall games (e.g. padder tennis) - Tracking the flight of a ball and moving towards it
- Staying on the toes to move forwards, backwards, and side to side
- Balancing and bouncing a ball on a racquet and striking a ball to the floor
- Changing direction to return a ball and using feet to push off and change direction
- Combining skills to participate in a rally
- Playing modified games to encourage front of court and back of court sending and returning
- Using a racquet to send and receive a ball over a short distance with a partner
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Movement skills
(Striking and fielding)
| | Striking and fielding (e.g. T ball) - A strong foot strike helps send a ball in the right direction. Revisiting this skill from target games builds confidence in kicking and striking with control.
- Watching the ball closely and moving the hands to meet it helps with catching, hitting, and aiming.
- Using hands and feet together helps with actions like kicking, running, and throwing.
- The role of a batter, including hitting, where and when to run, and how to score points.
- The role of a bowler, including throwing, catching, and fielding.
- The role of fielders is to try to stop the ball and return it quickly. They stand in different places to help their team against the batters.
- Simple game rules including pitch formation, scoring, and basic tactics.
| Striking and fielding (e.g. T ball) - Underarm throwing or passing involves a low, stable stance with knees slightly bent and weight forward.
- Overarm throwing involves rotating the hips and shoulders before releasing the ball.
- Striking off a tee starts with correct grip, stance, and swing technique.
- The correct ready position for catching a small ball (e.g. standing with feet shoulder-width apart, hands open ready to catch).
- There are basic applications of rules and conventions in striking and fielding games (e.g. not being out if waiting safely at a base).
- The attacking team attempts to score points by running around the bases.
- The defending team tries to limit points scored by getting batters or runners out.
| | Striking and fielding (e.g. T ball) - Striking with a foot and hand using a controlled action, focusing on balance and aiming at a target
- Using a strong foot strike to send a ball in the intended direction
- Practising hand–eye coordination to hit, catch, or stop a ball, watching it closely and moving hands or feet to meet it
- Coordinating hands and feet when running, throwing, or striking
- Rolling or throwing the ball to a partner and hitting it with a bat or hand
- Running between bases after hitting the ball and counting how many bases are reached
- Standing in different fielding positions to stop the ball and return it to the bowler or base
- Participating in scoring games where points are earned by hitting targets or reaching bases
| Striking and fielding (e.g. T ball) - Fielding — being ready to catch, stopping the ball with different body parts, and throwing accurately
- Gripping the bat correctly, using a balanced stance, and swinging to strike a stationary ball off a tee or pitch
- Underarm and overarm throwing to a partner or target, including stepping with the opposite foot and following through
- Tracking the trajectory of a ball in flight or across the floor and moving to stop and retrieve it
- Catching a ball in flight
- Catching a bouncing ball
- Switching between batting, fieldling, and base running roles within the rules of the game
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Movement skills
(Swimming)
| Swimming - Basic pool rules and water safety practices are essential in and around water environments, including beaches, lakes, and waterways.
- Danger signs, flags, and environmental alerts help keep participants safe during water activities.
- Activities like kayaking, waka ama, swimming, and paddleboarding require appropriate safety gear (e.g. personal floatation devices).
- There are correct kicking and arm techniques for front crawl, including breathing basics.
- A personal floatation device (PFD) or lifejacket is required for everyone onboard a powered boat or paddle craft. They must be checked and worn correctly.
- Safe entry and exit techniques vary by activity, such as sit-and-slide for pools and stable movements for kayaks and waka.
- Basic water survival skills include treading water, staying afloat, and exiting safely.
- Preparation for swimming includes understanding buoyancy, flotation, and the importance of streamlined movement.
| Swimming - Performing safe water entry and exit techniques, including sit-and-slide, pool edge exits, and kayak/waka transitions
- Practising basic swimming skills such as push and glide (front and back), paddling, and kicking with support
- Practising treading water, star float, and rotating between front and back positions to stay afloat
- Using kicking and arm techniques for front crawl
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| - Being outdoors encourages curiosity, exploration, and personal growth.
- Following rules when in a natural environment is important for staying safe and enjoying nature.
| - Nature-based learning inspires a lifelong connection to the environment.
- Following rules when outdoors includes taking care of the natural environment (e.g. not leaving rubbish — tiakitanga).
- Appropriate clothing and footwear vary depending on environmental conditions, activity type, and safety considerations.
| - Learning in the outdoors creates memorable and meaningful experiences.
- In outdoor environments, there are signs and symbols to support locational awareness and plan routes.
| - Exploring natural environments safely and enjoyably by following agreed safety rules and procedures
| - Applying respectful and sustainable practices during outdoor activities
- Identifying appropriate clothing and footwear for outdoor activities
| - Using maps and signs to navigate outdoor environments to determine location and plan safe routes
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